A review on the progress and challenges of binder jet 3D printing of sand moulds for advanced casting

3D sand mould printing using binder jet technology can enable many technical improvements in casting practice, including part consolidation, design of parts to optimise the consumption materials and hazardous chemicals, on-demand flexible size manufacturing near customer. Incorporating artificial intelligence optimising moulds, process parameters, solidification processes may help automate a production facility reduce labour time. Elimination chemicals from industrial use be challenge. Therefore, an alternative fuse particles during or environmentally friendlier option for binders other consumables should utilised with process. Properties produced printed moulds have potential better than properties traditional due this technology's benefits. This is enabling rather competing technology. It causing paradigm shift because geometries achievable by additive produce mould. paper reviews first twenty years research challenges developing as innovation sustainable manufacturing.